GENERAL INFORMATION: First Responders should use a NIOSH-certified Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear (CBRN) Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) with a Level A protective suit when entering an area with an unknown contaminant or when entering an area where the concentration of the contaminant is unknown.Level A protection should be used until In recent years, VX was found to be the agent used in the assassination of Kim Jong Some Novichok agents are solids at standard temperature and pressure, while others are liquids. Cyanogen chloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the formula NCCl. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin.Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails), it is actually produced Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. Arsenical smokes were known to the Chinese as far back as c. 1000 BC and Sun Tzu's "Art of War" (c. 200 BC) advises the use of fire weapons.In the second century BC, writings of the Mohist sect in China describe the use of bellows to pump smoke from burning balls of toxic plants and vegetables into tunnels being dug by a besieging army. Hydrogen cyanide, sometimes called prussic acid, is a chemical compound with the formula HCN and structure HCN.It is a colorless, extremely poisonous, and flammable liquid that boils slightly above room temperature, at 25.6 C (78.1 F).HCN is produced on an industrial scale and is a highly valued precursor to many chemical compounds ranging from polymers to Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, capsicum spray, or mace is a lachrymatory agent (a compound that irritates the eyes to cause a burning sensation, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. For example, chloropicrin was often used for its irritant effects, and its ability to bypass gas masks, causing sneezing fits which made soldiers remove their masks, exposing them to poison gases. Pepper spray, oleoresin capsicum spray, OC spray, capsaicin spray, capsicum spray, or mace is a lachrymatory agent (a compound that irritates the eyes to cause a burning sensation, pain, and temporary blindness) used in policing, riot control, crowd control, and self-defense, including defense against dogs and bears. Its production is strictly controlled and stockpiling outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. Novichok (Russian: , lit. It is a clear, colorless, and tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor. The small quantities of gas delivered, roughly 19 cm 3 (1.2 cu in) per cartridge, were not even detected by The small quantities of gas delivered, roughly 19 cm 3 (1.2 cu in) per cartridge, were not even detected by During World War I, the French Army was the first to employ tear gas, using 26 mm grenades filled with ethyl bromoacetate in August 1914. VG (IUPAC name: O,O-diethyl S-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] phosphorothioate) (also called Amiton or Tetram) is a "V-series" nerve agent chemically similar to the better-known VX nerve agent.Tetram is the common Russian name for the substance. It is a clear, colorless, and tasteless liquid with a faint fruity odor. The following interpretations explain and amplify the terms used in this category: (1) A firearm is a weapon not over .50 caliber (12.7 mm) which is designed to expel a projectile by the deflagration of propellant; (2) A fully automatic firearm or shotgun is any firearm or shotgun that shoots, is designed to shoot, or can readily be restored to shoot, automatically more than one The Army built four chemical warfare agent production plants on the grounds of Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland to produce chlorine, chloropicrin, phosgene, and mustard agent, producing more than 1,600 tons of agent by the end of the war. In recent years, VX was found to be the agent used in the assassination of Kim Jong Aberdeen Proving Ground (APG) (sometimes erroneously called Aberdeen Proving Grounds) is a U.S. Army facility located adjacent to Aberdeen, Harford County, Maryland, United States.More than 7,500 civilians and 5,000 military personnel work at APG. A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings.About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century. Chemical Warfare: Poison Gases in World War 1. Compound Interest. Cyanogen chloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the formula NCCl. The most studied agent in this family, VX (It is probable that "X" comes from its overlapping isopropyl radicals), was invented in the 1950s at Porton Down in the United Kingdom. The M2 4.2-inch mortar was a U.S. rifled 4.2-inch (107 mm) mortar used during the Second World War, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.It entered service in 1943. Arsenical smokes were known to the Chinese as far back as c. 1000 BC and Sun Tzu's "Art of War" (c. 200 BC) advises the use of fire weapons.In the second century BC, writings of the Mohist sect in China describe the use of bellows to pump smoke from burning balls of toxic plants and vegetables into tunnels being dug by a besieging army. Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl 3. The small quantities of gas delivered, roughly 19 cm 3 (1.2 cu in) per cartridge, were not even detected by The Army built four chemical warfare agent production plants on the grounds of Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland to produce chlorine, chloropicrin, phosgene, and mustard agent, producing more than 1,600 tons of agent by the end of the war. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH 3 NCO. More commonly encountered in the laboratory is the related compound cyanogen bromide, a room-temperature solid that is widely used in biochemical analysis and preparation. In modern warfare, chemical weapons were first used in World War I (191418), during which gas warfare inflicted more than one million of the casualties suffered by combatants in that conflict and killed an estimated 90,000. Chemical Warfare: Poison Gases in World War 1. Compound Interest. Ricin (/ r a s n / RY-sin) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis.The median lethal dose (LD 50) of ricin for mice is around 22 micrograms per kilogram of body weight via intraperitoneal injection. 'newcomer, novice, newbie') is a group of nerve agents, some of which are binary chemical weapons.The agents were developed at the GosNIIOKhT state chemical research institute by the Soviet Union and Russia between 1971 and 1993. The V-series is the second family of nerve agents and contains five well known members: VE, VG, VM, VR, and VX, along with several more obscure analogues.. Chloropicrin (PS) Phosgene (CG) Diphosgene (DP) Disulfur decafluoride Riot-control (RCAs) Xylyl bromide; Pepper spray (OC) CS; CN (mace) CR; List of chemical warfare agents; EA-3148 (Substance 100A) is a "V-series" nerve agent related to the better-known compounds VX and VR. The most frequently used chemicals during World War I were tear-inducing irritants rather than fatal or disabling poisons. Oral exposure to ricin is far less toxic. Tetrodotoxin (TTX) is a potent neurotoxin.Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish, and triggerfish; several of these species carry the toxin.Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., in blue-ringed octopuses, rough-skinned newts, and moon snails), it is actually produced Chemical Warfare Agent Detection There are several methods and types of instruments that can be used in the detection of chemical warfare agents, such as nerve, blister, blood, and choking agents. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. A colorless liquid when pure, it is an important industrial chemical, being used for the manufacture of phosphites and other organophosphorus compounds. Phosphorus trichloride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula PCl 3. Chemical warfare (CW) involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons. It is classified as a nerve agent because it fatally interferes with normal functioning of the mammalian nervous system. From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland.The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines.A small portion of these studies were directed at psychochemical warfare and The most studied agent in this family, VX (It is probable that "X" comes from its overlapping isopropyl radicals), was invented in the 1950s at Porton Down in the United Kingdom. Ricin (/ r a s n / RY-sin) is a lectin (a carbohydrate-binding protein) and a highly potent toxin produced in the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis.The median lethal dose (LD 50) of ricin for mice is around 22 micrograms per kilogram of body weight via intraperitoneal injection. Tabun or GA is an extremely toxic synthetic organophosphorus compound. For example, chloropicrin was often used for its irritant effects, and its ability to bypass gas masks, causing sneezing fits which made soldiers remove their masks, exposing them to poison gases. Zyklon B (German: [tsyklon be] (); translated Cyclone B) was the trade name of a cyanide-based pesticide invented in Germany in the early 1920s.It consisted of hydrogen cyanide (prussic acid), as well as a cautionary eye irritant and one of several adsorbents such as diatomaceous earth.The product is notorious for its use by Nazi Germany during the Holocaust to murder Novichok (Russian: , lit. Methyl isocyanate (MIC) is an organic compound with the molecular formula CH 3 NCO. Cyanogen chloride is a highly toxic chemical compound with the formula NCCl. These agents may be in liquid, gas or solid form. In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.It is a common cause of food poisoning, with severe diarrhea, nausea and intestinal cramping often starting within a few hours of ingestion. Chloropicrin (PS) Phosgene (CG) Diphosgene (DP) Disulfur decafluoride Riot-control (RCAs) Xylyl bromide; Pepper spray (OC) CS; CN (mace) CR; List of chemical warfare agents; EA-3148 (Substance 100A) is a "V-series" nerve agent related to the better-known compounds VX and VR. Synonyms are isocyanatomethane and methyl carbylamine.Methyl isocyanate is an intermediate chemical in the production of carbamate pesticides (such as carbaryl, carbofuran, methomyl, and aldicarb).It has also been used in the production of rubbers and adhesives.As an extremely None of it, however, made it overseas prior to the end of the conflict. The M2 4.2-inch mortar was a U.S. rifled 4.2-inch (107 mm) mortar used during the Second World War, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War.It entered service in 1943. Chloropicrin, also known as PS and nitrochloroform, is a chemical compound currently used as a broad-spectrum antimicrobial, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, and nematicide. In the years Novichok (Russian: , lit. Both have been used as chemical weapons but phosgene is an important precursor in the manufacture of plastics and chloropicrin is used as a fumigant. The most frequently used chemicals during World War I were tear-inducing irritants rather than fatal or disabling poisons. A chemical weapon agent (CWA), or chemical warfare agent, is a chemical substance whose toxic properties are meant to kill, injure or incapacitate human beings.About 70 different chemicals have been used or stockpiled as chemical weapon agents during the 20th century. During World War I, the French Army was the first to employ tear gas, using 26 mm grenades filled with ethyl bromoacetate in August 1914. This type of warfare is distinct from nuclear warfare and biological warfare, which together make up NBC, the military initialism for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical (warfare or weapons).None of these fall under the term conventional weapons, which are primarily effective because of their chemical weapon, any of several chemical compounds, usually toxic agents, that are intended to kill, injure, or incapacitate enemy personnel. Its production is strictly controlled and stockpiling outlawed by the Chemical Weapons Convention of 1993. In the field of molecular biology, enterotoxin type B, also known as Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), is an enterotoxin produced by the gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus.It is a common cause of food poisoning, with severe diarrhea, nausea and intestinal cramping often starting within a few hours of ingestion. From 1948 to 1975, the U.S. Army Chemical Corps conducted classified human subject research at the Edgewood Arsenal facility in Maryland.The purpose was to evaluate the impact of low-dose chemical warfare agents on military personnel and to test protective clothing, pharmaceuticals, and vaccines.A small portion of these studies were directed at psychochemical warfare and Being quite stable, the toxin may remain active even 1914: Tear gas. N.p., 17 May 2014. The most studied agent in this family, VX (It is probable that "X" comes from its overlapping isopropyl radicals), was invented in the 1950s at Porton Down in the United Kingdom. Its chemical structural formula is Cl 3 CNO 2 Chloropicrin's chemical formula is CCl 3 NO 2 and its molecular weight is 164.38 grams/mole. Chemical warfare involves using the toxic properties of chemical substances as weapons.
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chloropicrin chemical warfare